and put a pure heart [לב טהור] in its place” (4Q436 frag. 1 1.10 = 4Q435 frag. 1 1.1), which is dependent on Psalm 51:10 (51:12 Heb.), where “pure heart” stands parallel to “steadfast spirit.”62 Who is speaking in this passage and whether the “I” is gnomic is unclear. The author continues: “And the evil inclination [יצר רע] you have driven with rebukes from within me and a spirit of holiness you have set within my heart [ש שמתה בלבבי[ורוח קוד]]” (4Q436 frag. 1 1.10–2.1 = 4Q435 frag. 1 1.2). The phrase
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